The domestication of grapes dates back five thousand years ago and has spread to nearly all continents. Antibody fl 3, which bound most strongly to gflv and showed cross. Two dagger nematode species are particularly important in this regard in vineyards. Controlling grapevine fanleaf virus if your grapes are already infected with the grape fanleaf virus, its too late to do anything about this tragic disease, but you can prevent infection in healthy plants by. Fanleaf causes distortion of leaves and may cause unusual chlorotic yellow patterns on. Here, the feasibility of using grapevine fanleaf virus. Grapevine fanleaf virus may be transmitted mechanically from grapevine tissue to herbaceous plants by grinding 1 g young leaf tissue in 5 ml 2. Symptoms of grapevine fanleaf virus disease may appear as yellow mosaic photo at left, as vein banding, or as fanleaf deformation. Information about grapevine fanleaf virus diagnosis, including distribution and treatment advice. Optimal systemic grapevine fanleaf virus infection in. The virus is lost during the molt of the cuticle between life stages. Grapevine fanleaf virus gflv is thought to be the most serious virus disease affecting grapevines. The main etiological agent of fanleaf disease is grapevine fanleaf virus gflv, which occurs in almost all regions where v. Each is caused by a strain of the grapevine fanleaf virus.
It infects grapevines, causing chlorosis of the leaves and lowering the fruit quality. Elimination of grapevine fanleaf virus from three vitis. Grapevine leafroll associated virus3 glrav3 is vectored by mealybugs and scale insects. Virus gflv has been documented in many viticulture regions worldwide. Leaves are severely distorted, asymmetrical, cupped and puckered, and exhibit acute dentations. Grapevine nursery stock registration and certification program program overview and proposed changes april 1, 2015 nursery, seed, and cotton program.
Cornell university 2014 grapevine fanleaf virus gflv causes fanleaf degeneration of grapevines. Habili n, rowhani a, symons rh 2001 grapevine fanleaf virus. It is transmitted via a nematode vector, xiphinema index. In recent years, grape acreage has increased dramatically in new regions, including the united states.
Constable fe, nicholas p, rodoni bc 2010 development and validation of diagnostic protocols for the detection of endemic and exotic pathogens of grapevines. Grapevine fanleaf virus gflv is one of the most destructive pathogens of grapevine. Survey for viruses of grapevine in oregon and washington. Production manager foundation plant services, uc davis. Virus like particle vlp platform represents a promising approach for the generation of efficient and immunogenic subunit vaccines. The latest research on grapevine viruses and phytoplasmas.
Grapevine fanleaf virus replication occurs on endoplasmic. Grapevine fanleaf virus gflv, are transmitted by ectoparasitic nematodes sitanath and raski 1968, hewitt et al. One of the greatest hindrances to the study of grapevine fanleaf virus gflv is the dearth of robust protocols for reliable, scalable, and costeffective inoculation of host plants, especially methods which. Controlling grapevine fanleaf virus if your grapes are already infected with the grape fanleaf virus, its too late to do anything about this tragic disease, but you can prevent infection in healthy plants by practicing good tool hygiene between all your plants.
Nematodes are known to transmit certain grapevine infecting viruses, particularly those that cause grapevine decline and fanleaf. Virus transmission occurs by grafting a diseased cutting onto a healthy rootstock, or viceversa. Fanleaf degeneration of grape specialized websites. To prevent vines from becoming infected in the field, control measures target the vectors. The virus was earlier designated grapevine closterovirus, grapevine stem pittingassociated closterovirus and grapevine stem pittingassociated virus chevalier et al. Since grapevine viruses are graft transmissible, exclud ing infected mother plants from propagation in the frame of certification schemes is crucial for the production of high quality planting material alley and golino 2000, almeida et al. Because of its effect on grape yield, gflv is a pathogen of commercial importance. True virus diseases rugose wood complex viroid diseases virus like diseases diseases induced by phloem and xylemlimited prokaryotes. Grapevine fanleaf virus is transmitted between grapevines only by the dagger nematodes, xiphinema index and x. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies binding specifically to the coat protein of gflv.
Grapevine fanleaf virus gflv belongs to the plant nepovirus genus i. Vectors can acquire the virus by feeding on vines infected with such viruses. Grapevine virus e gve fanleaf disease grapevine fanleaf virus gflv. Grapevine fanleaf virus gflv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family secoviridae. Once vines are infected, they cannot be cured, and removal of infected plants is the only alternative for the disease control. Grape clusters on infected vines may have few, poorly developed. Control of viruses infecting grapevine sciencedirect.
Detection and identification of specific grapevine diseases or pathogens. Detection and identification of specific grapevine. Grapevine fanleaf virus belongs to a group of viruses called nepoviruses, which are vectored by nematodes. Grapevine fanleaf virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Fanleaf grapevine fanleaf virus gflv grapevine fanleaf virus gflv is thought to be the most serious virus disease affecting grapevines. Grapevine disease testing services oklahoma state university. This grapevine disease complex includes fanleaf, yellow mosaic, veinband ing and enation. Grapevine fanleaf virus gflv arabis mosaic virus armv tomato ringspot virus torsv tobacco ringspot virus torsv. Various management options for limiting the damage caused by nematode pests are outlined. Uc management guidelines for virus diseases on grape. Grapevine fanleaf degeneration disease has two distinct syndromes, or sets of symptoms, depending on the virus strain and host response to infection.
It is also transmissible in sap from root tips or etiolated shoots of diseased grapevine. Biological control trials are being carried out to evaluate the. Biology, biotechnology and resistance john wesley gottula, ph. Resistant rootstocks may control fanleaf degeneration of. Of note is that xiphinema index has been shown to spread grapevine fanleaf virus. Grapevine fanleaf virus and other old world nepoviruses. Since grapevine viruses are graft transmissible, exclud ing infected mother. General information about grapevine fanleaf virus gflv00.
Fanleaf causes distortion of leaves and may cause unusual. Californias grapevine registration and certification program. Falk plant pathology specialist, former graduate student, usdaars research plant pathologist, and professor, respectively, department of plant pathology, university of california, davis 95616. Falk plant pathology specialist, former graduate student, usdaars research plant pathologist. Natural spread of specific grapevine viruses can occur by insects and nematodes. Production and characterization of viruslike particles of. Grapevine degeneration in grapevines caused by grapevine fanleaf.
Absence of grapevine fanleaf virus from australia ippc. Epidemiology and strategies for the control and management of viruses and viral diseases. Exam 2 study guide plant path questions and study guide. It is one of the major economically important virus diseases. In the first syndrome, infectious malformations, the vines may be stunted or show reduced vigor.
Dagger nematodes have not been reported in canadian vineyards and natural spread of this virus. Control vectors seek advice for management options. As vectors, mealybugs typically carry glrav3 in their foregut for short periods, losing the virus after each molt. A rapid and inexpensive rnaextraction method for high. Vectors of plant viruses university of california, davis.
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